It was directed toward the Islamic , and called upon it to unite | Despite only running from 13 March 1884 to October 1884, it was one of the first and most important publications of the |
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was an Islamic modernist and rationalist, or |
It was started in a room in , and the first edition was published on March 13, 1884, corresponding with 15 , 1301.
26Meisami, Julie Scott; Starkey, Paul 1998 | Khatab, Sayed; Bouma, Gary D |
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Goals [ ] The Muhammad Abduh summarized the main goals of the magazine in a speech he sent to his friend, the English poet : protecting the independence of Eastern peoples from the aggression of Western countries, and to discomfort the English government to the point where it rescinds its activities that perturb Muslims |
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